Mesenteric Artery Syndrome
Superior mesenteric artery syndrome (SMS) is a rare disorder that occurs when the third part of the duodenum (duodenum) is compressed between the abdominal aorta and the superior mesenteric artery, causing a functional or partial obstruction of the passage of food from the stomach to the small intestine.
This condition is often associated with severe or rapid weight loss, as the fatty tissue that acts as a natural cushion between the blood vessels and the intestines decreases, increasing the severity of the compression. It may also occur after bariatric surgery, prolonged periods of malnutrition, or chronic illness.
Common symptoms include nausea, frequent vomiting (especially after eating), pain or fullness in the upper abdomen, loss of appetite, and weight loss. Symptoms may improve when lying on the side or adopting certain positions that reduce the pressure.
Diagnosis is based on clinical examination along with imaging tests such as CT scans, MRI, or contrast-enhanced radiography to assess the angle and distance of the superior mesenteric artery and confirm the presence of compression.
Treatment typically begins with conservative approaches such as a high-calorie diet, weight gain, and nutritional support to improve the fatty layer around the vessels. In severe or unresponsive cases, the doctor may resort to surgical intervention such as a duodenal switch (duodenojejunostomy) to relieve the obstruction and improve food passage.
The medical team provides comprehensive care for this rare condition, focusing on accurate diagnosis and progressive treatment to ensure the best possible outcomes and improve the patient's quality of life.